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As the results from this thesis will show, correct spelling and punctuation is largely optional for many users, and some actually take advantage of homonymic and homophonous features of the language in order to make their conversation more efficient. Due to the message-by-message (a sentence or two) nature of SMS, 'print conventions for laying out a text' such as paragraphs etc are not needed, since users develop points together in conversation rather than creating them unaccompanied. Also, users, although using . a written medium, can easily 'take liberties' with other users because of the widespread use and understanding of emoticons and other methods for signifying one's tone of voice and underlying meaning. In this way, texters, like speakers, can rely on their audience's ability to 'get the sprit of their remarks'. Due to these largely spoken aspects of SMS, to define it simply as written language because of its written medium would be to ignore a large portion of characteristics that differentiate the language of SMS from the language of standard writing. Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson (1978) set out characteristics of spoken communication also, many of which are easily apparent in SMS such as, turn order J is not fixed, but varies, talk can be continuous or discontinuous, overwhelmingly one party talks at a time' etc. But since the language of SMS is in a written medium and therefore cannot possess many features of spoken language, it cannot be defined as spoken any more accurately than it can be defined as written because of its written medium. Where then does this leave SMS language? Text messages use the medium of sight, like writers; however, their situation, though not face-to-face, is interactive rather than isolated, like speakers. The language of SMS, therefore, is born of a combination of numerous aspects of two very different types of communication and at this point can only be described as a spoken mode in a written medium.

Characteristic features of informal speech language are represented in SMS communication. Text messages that make use of language short cuts give the impression of immediacy and ease and spontaneity to the written text. Language short forms can also supply points of departure in which the interpretation of a message can be taken (e.g. is the message playful or serious).

Well it's difficult to get them into context because you don't know someone's being sarcastic or sort of jokey or really serious and so you might sort of misinterpret what they're trying to say and in your reply you get it completely wrong and look a fool (Grinter & Eldridge,2001: 17).

Döring (2002) also identifies the use of initial letters as representations of whole words, noting that multiword sentences and sequences of response utterances can be quickly adopted by users after initial coordination. For example; SWYRT ('so what do you think?'), BTDT ('been there done that'), YYSSW ('yeah, yeah, sure, whatever') or HHOJ ('ha, ha, only joking') (Döring, 2002). The analysis of these often-strange lexical short forms should be supplemented with quantitative information and be substantiated in theory in order for their actual use amongst teenagers to be assessed. Using Döring's analysis for this purpose is difficult because English-speaking users, according to Tim Shortis (taken from Döring, 2002: 15) contain a higher concentration of acronyms and abbreviations than German-speaking SMS users.